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The importance of a culture of discussion and a culture of self-criticism
August 19, 2026
serious trend, now known as polarisation, is sweey numerous countries. This occurs when a society divides into two large blocs of roughly comparable size, situated at opposite ends of the ideological spectrum. The consequence is the impossibility of dialogue or reasoned discussion on fundamental
countries.
Given the complexity of social reality and the difficulty in establishing public policies, that promote the common good, itis only natural that citizens hold diverse opinions about the principles that should guide a government and who should comprise it. But under polarization, members of one bloc see those of the opposing bloc not as adversaries worthy of respectful conversation, but as dangerous enemies who must be
ical violence.
Herein lies the central problem: citizens on one side do not lsten to those on the other, because mutual hatred predominates on both sides, and trust — a key attribute of a
healthy social fabric ~ has been lost.
In our time, an ethics of discussion is fundamental. We must accept that building a better society requires dialogue that begins with recognizing and respecting the interlocutor's arguments, with self-criticism of one’s own position, and with accepting rules that transcend the parties involved ~ three ethical principles that wil, in principle, make rapprochement and agreements possible. It is not about annihilating the other's point of view, nor about assuming the discussion will lead to one side winning and the other losing. | wish we could all accept that in a discussion it shouldn't matter which side is right or which side makes the greatest contribution, but that the participants emerge
enriched as a result of the dialogue.
It's worth asking to what extent social media is exacerbating polarization. These digital resources can be highly beneficial if used wisely and with critical thinking. However, they frequently promote hatred and aggression, while also spreading fake news and impersonations, the latter aided by artificial intelligence. Algorithms have emerged that make all kinds of recommendations, from the most important to the most mundane, which users then follow blindly. We are becoming slaves to our own inventions, so much 50 that we no longer consider it necessary to reflect or exercise our capacity for judgment.
We need to develop two “cultures' First is the culture of reasoned and respectful discussion, even with people from different ethnicities or religions. Secondis the culture of self-criticism, since itis easy to criticize others and difficult to recognise that we may be wrong in our assessment and that we must be willing to change our opinion or position,
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